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NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
NNAAMMEE
nmbd - provide netbios nameserver support to clients
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
nnmmbbdd [ --BB _b_r_o_a_d_c_a_s_t _a_d_d_r_e_s_s ] [ --II _I_P _a_d_d_r_e_s_s ] [ --DD ] [
--CC ccoommmmeenntt ssttrriinngg ] [ --GG _g_r_o_u_p _n_a_m_e ] [ --HH _n_e_t_b_i_o_s _h_o_s_t_s
_f_i_l_e ] [ --NN _n_e_t_m_a_s_k ] [ --dd _d_e_b_u_g_l_e_v_e_l ] [ --ll _l_o_g _b_a_s_e_n_a_m_e
] --nn _n_e_t_b_i_o_s _n_a_m_e ] [ --pp _p_o_r_t _n_u_m_b_e_r ]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
This program is part of the Samba suite.
nnmmbbdd is a server that understands and can reply to netbios
name service requests, like those produced by LanManager
clients. It also controls browsing.
LanManager clients, when they start up, may wish to locate
a LanManager server. That is, they wish to know what IP
number a specified host is using.
This program simply listens for such requests, and if its
own name is specified it will respond with the IP number
of the host it is running on. "Its own name" is by default
the name of the host it is running on, but this can be
overriden with the --nn option (see "OPTIONS" below). Using
the --SS option (see "OPTIONS" below), it can also be
instructed to respond with IP information about other
hosts, provided they are locatable via the gethostbyname()
call, or they are in a netbios hosts file.
Nmbd can also be used as a WINS (Windows Internet Name
Server) server. It will do this automatically by default.
What this basically means is that it will respond to all
name requests that it receives that are not broadcasts, as
long as it can resolve the name.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
--BB
On some systems, the server is unable to determine the
broadcast address to use for name registration
requests. If your system has this difficulty, this
parameter may be used to specify an appropriate broad-
cast address. The address should be given in standard
"a.b.c.d" notation.
Only use this parameter if you are sure that the server
cannot properly determine the proper broadcast address.
The default broadcast address is determined by the
server at run time. If it encounters difficulty doing
so, it makes a guess based on the local IP number.
--II
nmbd 17/1/1995 1
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
On some systems, the server is unable to determine the
correct IP address to use. This allows you to override
the default choice.
--DD
If specified, this parameter causes the server to oper-
ate as a daemon. That is, it detaches itself and runs
in the background, fielding requests on the appropriate
port.
By default, the server will NOT operate as a daemon.
--CC ccoommmmeenntt ssttrriinngg
This allows you to set the "comment string" that is
shown next to the machine name in browse listings.
A %v will be replaced with the Samba version number.
A %h will be replaced with the hostname.
It defaults to "Samba %v".
--GG
This option allows you to specify a netbios group (also
known as lanmanager domain) that the server should be
part of. You may include several of these on the com-
mand line if you like. Alternatively you can use the -H
option to load a netbios hosts file containing domain
names.
At startup, unless the -R switch has been used, the
server will attempt to register all group names in the
hosts file and on the command line (from the -G
option).
The server will also respond to queries on this name.
--HH
It may be useful in some situations to be able to spec-
ify a list of netbios names for which the server should
send a reply if queried. This option allows that. The
syntax is similar to the standard /etc/hosts file for-
mat, but has some extensions.
The file contains three columns. Lines beginning with a
# are ignored as comments. The first column is an IP
address, or a hostname. If it is a hostname then it is
interpreted as the IP address returned by gethostby-
name() when read. Any IP address of 0.0.0.0 will be
interpreted as the servers own IP address.
nmbd 17/1/1995 2
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
The second column is a netbios name. This is the name
that the server will respond to. It must be less than
20 characters long.
The third column is optional, and is intended for
flags. Currently the only flags supported are G, S and
M. A G indicates that the name is a group (also known
as domain) name.
At startup all groups known to the server (either from
this file or from the -G option) are registered on the
network (unless the -R option has been selected).
A S or G means that the specified address is a broad-
cast address of a network that you want people to be
able to browse you from. Nmbd will search for a master
browser in that domain and will send host announcements
to that machine, informing it that the specifed somain
is available.
A M means that this name is the default netbios name
for this machine. This has the same affect as specify-
ing the -n option to nmbd.
After startup the server waits for queries, and will
answer queries to any name known to it. This includes
all names in the netbios hosts file (if any), it's own
name, and any names given with the -G option.
The primary intention of the -H option is to allow a
mapping from netbios names to internet domain names,
and to allow the specification of groups that the
server should be part of.
EExxaammppllee::
# This is a sample netbios hosts file
# DO NOT USE THIS FILE AS-IS
# YOU MAY INCONVENIENCE THE OWNERS OF THESE IPs
# if you want to include a name with a space in
it then
# use double quotes.
# first put ourselves in the group LANGROUP
0.0.0.0 LANGROUP G
# next add a netbios alias for a faraway host
arvidsjaur.anu.edu.au ARVIDSJAUR
# finally put in an IP for a hard to find host
130.45.3.213 FREDDY
# now we want another subnet to be able to
nmbd 17/1/1995 3
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
browse
# us in the workgroup UNIXSERV
192.0.2.255 UNIXSERV G
--MM _w_o_r_k_g_r_o_u_p _n_a_m_e
If this parameter is given, the server will look for a
master browser for the specified workgroup name, report
success or failure, then exit. If successful, the IP
address of the name located will be reported.
If you use the workgroup name "-" then nmbd will search
for a master browser for any workgroup by using the
name __MSBROWSE__.
This option is meant to be used interactively on the
command line, not as a daemon or in inetd.
--NN
On some systems, the server is unable to determine the
netmask. If your system has this difficulty, this
parameter may be used to specify an appropriate net-
mask. The mask should be given in standard "a.b.c.d"
notation.
Only use this parameter if you are sure that the server
cannot properly determine the proper netmask.
The default netmask is determined by the server at run
time. If it encounters difficulty doing so, it makes a
guess based on the local IP number.
--dd _d_e_b_u_g_l_e_v_e_l
debuglevel is an integer from 0 to 5.
The default value if this parameter is not specified is
zero.
The higher this value, the more detail will be logged
to the log files about the activities of the server. At
level 0, only critical errors and serious warnings will
be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for day to day
running - it generates a small amount of information
about operations carried out.
Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of
log data, and should only be used when investigating a
problem. Levels above 3 are designed for use only by
developers and generate HUGE amounts of log data, most
of which is extremely cryptic.
nmbd 17/1/1995 4
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
--ll _l_o_g _f_i_l_e
If specified, _l_o_g_f_i_l_e specifies a base filename into
which operational data from the running server will be
logged.
The default base name is specified at compile time.
The base name is used to generate actual log file
names. For example, if the name specified was "log",
the following files would be used for log data:
log.nmb (containing debugging information)
log.nmb.in (containing inbound transaction data)
log.nmb.out (containing outbound transaction data)
The log files generated are never removed by the
server.
--nn _n_e_t_b_i_o_s _n_a_m_e
This parameter tells the server what netbios name to
respond with when queried. The same name is also regis-
tered on startup unless the -R parameter was specified.
The default netbios name used if this parameter is not
specified is the name of the host on which the server
is running.
--pp _p_o_r_t _n_u_m_b_e_r
port number is a positive integer value.
The default value if this parameter is not specified is
137.
This number is the port number that will be used when
making connections to the server from client software.
The standard (well-known) port number for the server is
137, hence the default. If you wish to run the server
as an ordinary user rather than as root, most systems
will require you to use a port number greater than 1024
- ask your system administrator for help if you are in
this situation.
Note that the name server uses UDP, not TCP!
This parameter is not normally specified except in the
above situation.
FFIILLEESS
//eettcc//iinneettdd..ccoonnff
nmbd 17/1/1995 5
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
If the server is to be run by the inetd meta-daemon,
this file must contain suitable startup information for
the meta-daemon. See the section "INSTALLATION" below.
//eettcc//rrcc..dd//rrcc..iinneett22
(or whatever initialisation script your system uses)
If running the server as a daemon at startup, this file
will need to contain an appropriate startup sequence
for the server. See the section "Installation" below.
//eettcc//sseerrvviicceess
If running the server via the meta-daemon inetd, this
file must contain a mapping of service name (eg., net-
bios-ns) to service port (eg., 137) and protocol type
(eg., udp). See the section "INSTALLATION" below.
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
Not applicable.
IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN
The location of the server and its support files is a mat-
ter for individual system administrators. The following
are thus suggestions only.
It is recommended that the server software be installed
under the /usr/local hierarchy, in a directory readable by
all, writeable only by root. The server program itself
should be executable by all, as users may wish to run the
server themselves (in which case it will of course run
with their privileges). The server should NOT be setuid
or setgid!
The server log files should be put in a directory readable
and writable only by root, as the log files may contain
sensitive information.
The remaining notes will assume the following:
nmbd (the server program) installed in /usr/local/smb
log files stored in /var/adm/smblogs
The server may be run either as a daemon by users or at
startup, or it may be run from a meta-daemon such as inetd
upon request. If run as a daemon, the server will always
be ready, so starting sessions will be faster. If run from
a meta-daemon some memory will be saved and utilities such
as the tcpd TCP-wrapper may be used for extra security.
nmbd 17/1/1995 6
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
When you've decided, continue with either "Running the
server as a daemon" or "Running the server on request".
RRUUNNNNIINNGG TTHHEE SSEERRVVEERR AASS AA DDAAEEMMOONN
To run the server as a daemon from the command line, sim-
ply put the "-D" option on the command line. There is no
need to place an ampersand at the end of the command line
- the "-D" option causes the server to detach itself from
the tty anyway.
Any user can run the server as a daemon (execute permis-
sions permitting, of course). This is useful for testing
purposes.
To ensure that the server is run as a daemon whenever the
machine is started, you will need to modify the system
startup files. Wherever appropriate (for example, in
/etc/rc.d/rc.inet2), insert the following line, substitut-
ing values appropriate to your system:
/usr/local/smb/nmbd -D -l/var/adm/smblogs/log
(The above should appear in your initialisation script as
a single line. Depending on your terminal characteris-
tics, it may not appear that way in this man page. If the
above appears as more than one line, please treat any new-
lines or indentation as a single space or TAB character.)
If the options used at compile time are appropriate for
your system, all parameters except the desired debug level
and "-D" may be omitted. See the section on "Options"
above.
RRUUNNNNIINNGG TTHHEE SSEERRVVEERR OONN RREEQQUUEESSTT
If your system uses a meta-daemon such as inetd, you can
arrange to have the SMB name server started whenever a
process attempts to connect to it. This requires several
changes to the startup files on the host machine. If you
are experimenting as an ordinary user rather than as root,
you will need the assistance of your system administrator
to modify the system files.
First, ensure that a port is configured in the file
/etc/services. The well-known port 137 should be used if
possible, though any port may be used.
Ensure that a line similar to the following is in
/etc/services:
netbios-ns 137/udp
Note for NIS/YP users: You may need to rebuild the NIS
service maps rather than alter your local /etc/services
file.
nmbd 17/1/1995 7
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
Next, put a suitable line in the file /etc/inetd.conf (in
the unlikely event that you are using a meta-daemon other
than inetd, you are on your own). Note that the first item
in this line matches the service name in /etc/services.
Substitute appropriate values for your system in this line
(see iinneettdd((88))))::
netbios-ns dgram udp wait root /usr/local/smb/nmbd
-l/var/adm/smblogs/log
(The above should appear in /etc/inetd.conf as a single
line. Depending on your terminal characteristics, it may
not appear that way in this man page. If the above
appears as more than one line, please treat any newlines
or indentation as a single space or TAB character.)
Note that there is no need to specify a port number here,
even if you are using a non-standard port number.
TTEESSTTIINNGG TTHHEE IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN
If running the server as a daemon, execute it before pro-
ceeding. If using a meta-daemon, either restart the system
or kill and restart the meta-daemon. Some versions of
inetd will reread their configuration tables if they
receive a HUP signal.
To test whether the name server is running, start up a
client _o_n _a _d_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_t _m_a_c_h_i_n_e and see whether the desired
name is now present. Alternatively, run the nameserver _o_n
_a _d_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_t _m_a_c_h_i_n_e specifying "-L netbiosname", where
"netbiosname" is the name you have configured the test
server to respond with. The command should respond with
success, and the IP number of the machine using the speci-
fied netbios name. You may need the -B parameter on some
systems. See the README file for more information on test-
ing nmbd.
VVEERRSSIIOONN
This man page is (mostly) correct for version 1.9.00 of
the Samba suite, plus some of the recent patches to it.
These notes will necessarily lag behind development of the
software, so it is possible that your version of the
server has extensions or parameter semantics that differ
from or are not covered by this man page. Please notify
these to the address below for rectification.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
iinneettdd((88)),, ssmmbbdd((88)),, ssmmbb..ccoonnff((55)),, ssmmbbcclliieenntt((11)),, tteessttppaarrmm((11)),,
tteessttpprrnnss((11))
DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
[This section under construction]
nmbd 17/1/1995 8
NMBD(8) nmbd NMBD(8)
Most diagnostics issued by the server are logged in the
specified log file. The log file name is specified at com-
pile time, but may be overridden on the command line.
The number and nature of diagnostics available depends on
the debug level used by the server. If you have problems,
set the debug level to 3 and peruse the log files.
Most messages are reasonably self-explanatory. Unfortu-
nately, at time of creation of this man page the source
code is still too fluid to warrant describing each and
every diagnostic. At this stage your best bet is still to
grep the source code and inspect the conditions that gave
rise to the diagnostics you are seeing.
BBUUGGSS
None known.
CCRREEDDIITTSS
The original Samba software and related utilities were
created by Andrew Tridgell (samba-bugs@anu.edu.au). Andrew
is also the Keeper of the Source for this project.
This man page written by Karl Auer (Karl.Auer@anu.edu.au)
See ssmmbb..ccoonnff((55)) ffoorr aa ffuullll lliisstt ooff ccoonnttrriibbuuttoorrss aanndd
ddeettaaiillss oonn hhooww ttoo submit bug reports, comments etc.
nmbd 17/1/1995 9